Ismail, S. A., & Engku Ali, E. M. T. (2026). تطوير الأوضاع الاقتصادية والمالية في عهد الخلفاء الراشدين: The Development of Economic and Financial Conditions during The Era of The Rightly Guided Caliphs. AL-HIKMAH: INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ISLAMIC STUDIES AND HUMAN SCIENCES, 9(2), 177–197. Retrieved from https://www.alhikmah.my/index.php/hikmah/article/view/689